You can build an entire working structure from base operations, exit conditions and logic that scale to higher states of the operations.
Extending the same, TCO is another very elegant concept in CS.
The same goes for some data structures, a simple example being a list, as often defined in functional programming languages. E.g.:
A list is either:
- empty, i.e. []
- a head (an element) followed by a tail (which is also a list), i.e. h | t
Lists of any size fit that definition because of the recursive definition.
Similar for binary tree, being either just a node, or a node with left and right child, each of which is a binary tree.