List of languages that compile to JS
github.com
github.com
discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17470161
edit: gotta love the downvotes for voicing your opinion. LOL
I agree. I am just more productive in C and Python for most things over JS.
However, the tools and language that you use matter. Brainfuck is turing complete, I could program a full game engine in it, but that would be a waste of time. The language that you use will make a difference in the time it takes to program something, and the most important part how maintainable it will be in the future. Javascript is some of the most unmaintainable code on the face of the planet, and that is coming from someone who has probably programmed more in JS than in any other programming language.
However, if you choose a paradigm and stick to it JavaScript can be great. I've been using it as a forgiving functional programming language and it's amazing. Cleaner code than python, easier to reason about (thanks to pure functions + immutability, which you could also do in python or many other languages to be fair) and a very robust ecosystem for web development.
Every language has its quirks, it's just a matter of learning them. A lot of the ones you mentioned are common to all languages with support for functional programming.