An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics by Carroll & Ostlie is the Bible, but it is quite large physically and in scope and better serves as a reference for most people.

For various topics, I would look at:

Introduction to Cosmology by Ryden for cosmology at the undergraduate level.

Cosmology by Weinberg.

The Exoplanet Handbook by Perryman.

An Introduction to Modern Stellar Astrophysics by Carroll & Ostlie.

Particle Astrophysics by Perkins.

Modern Statistical Methods for Astronomy by Feigelson.

Statistics, Data Mining, and Machine Learning in Astronomy by Ivezic.

I can post more in other topics if anyone is interested.

Admittedly more of an Astronomy text book but a great starting point is Universe by Freedman and Kaufmann.

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/705558.Universe

I remember Carroll's Modern Astrophysics being very good. It's quantitative, so it helps to have some physics background.