The example image given can be re-compressed using techniques like structural similarity (SSIM)[1] or Multi-scale structural similarity (2003 Paper)[2]. Using jpeg-archive[3] I resized the example image from the blog[4] with decent results:
/tmp ls -1sh *.jpg *.png | sort -nr
740K 6a00e0099229e88833022ad3b23825200b-750wi.png
100K 6a00e0099229e88833022ad3b23825200b-750wi.jpg
64K small-fry.jpg
56K mpe.jpg
24K ms-ssim.jpg
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_similarity[2] https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~z70wang/publications/msssim.pdf
[3] https://github.com/danielgtaylor/jpeg-archive
[4] http://krisdedecker.typepad.com/.a/6a00e0099229e88833022ad3b...