I think this was supposed to be, "if you have an undergraduate education in mathematics along with the basics of algebraic topology, you could have invented spectral sequences".
The prototypical example of a chain complex is a triangulation of an n-dimensional surface. You can take each n-dimensional triangulation into its (n-1)-dimensional boundary, with the property that the boundary of a boundary is empty. Roughly, this means that you have a sequence of maps on "chains" (prototypically, triangulations)
d_{n} d_{n-1} d_{2} d_{1}
C_{n} -----> C_{n-1} ---------> ... -------> C_{1} -------> C_0
with the property that d_{k_1}(d_{k})(x) = 0 for all x and all k (or more abbreviated, d^2 = 0), the boundary of a boundary is zero.