By "install it", I thought you meant install Windows, which takes for longer than 30 seconds. It's not a straight byte copy. For one, part of the install process compiles code for your variation of CPU architecture.
> It’s always been a problem.
In fact, it's less of a problem now than it was 15 years ago. Google Docs, Office 365.
> Yet new languages (e.g. Rust) are still developed with terribly slow compilers
Slow compilers (Rust, TypeScript, Scala, Haskell) almost universally have complex type inference.
Languages with limited type inference (Go, Java) have fast compilers.
It's really a matter of choice of language design, rather than compiler implementation.
> Well, I meant randomly in a sense that you can hardly predict or control what will happen.
This is like complaining search engine results are random because they are complex. Does it really matter?
> Why do you need to reboot at all?
Usually my battery dies.