Are tariffs just straight up revenue for the US government, like income taxes?
It doesn't merely redistribute wealth from one company to another. It reclaims critical domestic industrial investment and blue collar jobs as well.
Nucor's profit for all of 2016 was $796m, and $679m for 2014 (2015 was a bad year). For just the second quarter it was $683m and they've yet to see the full benefit of the tariffs. Alcoa, which has been a disaster the last several years, produced a billion dollars in operating income in the first two quarters, equal to a full year's operating income previously. US Steel which has been bleeding to death for years, looks capable of producing a billion dollars in annual profit again in the near future ($214m in profit in the second quarter on a large bump in sales).
Yes, we'll pay slightly higher steel & aluminum prices than we would have otherwise if we were getting artificially low dumping-level prices set by the Chinese impact on the global markets. It's worth it to regenerate major US industry back to health and the blue collar jobs that go with that. We can afford the slightly higher prices, we can't afford a hollowed-out industrial base.
In this case almost all profits that come to the domestic producers of steel come from the domestic consumers (and those impacted by tit for tat tariffs).
There might be very good reasons to prefer some industries to others but as a revenue source tariffs are not at all like a neutral VAT.
Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs on manufactured goods and low tariffs on agricultural products. Southern farmers wanted high tariffs on agricultural products and low tariffs on manufactured goods--to placate Europeans so they'd buy Southern agricultural products, and to check the economic power of the North. And of course the Federal government relied on tariffs for income--the Articles of Confederation being considered a failure largely because the Federal government had no independent source of income--and as a foreign policy tool.
Everybody was at odds.
(Note that it was also common back then to impose export tariffs, which added considerable complexity to the debate. Today export tariffs are largely unheard of in the U.S. but perhaps ripe for rediscovery. Though we recently loosened restraints on the export of crude oil and natural gas, so it probably won't happen any time soon.)
3% is a substantial amount but I doubt it’ll be close to that much. Supply chains will move to avoid tarrifs, parts will be shipped to Brazil or Mexico and then into the US. Or from China to Vietnam etc. I highly doubt it’ll get to 3% but if it does and the economic impacts of that thus far are fairly minimal, that would be significant. Makes up for the entire tax cut deficit and more when accounted for dynamic scoring but again it’s still monumentally dumb to count on tariffs for revenue which Trump has been stupidly bragging about. I do completely support Trump’s trade war thus far however with the end goal of fair and reciprocal trade and limiting China militarily through the economy.