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Big topic with plenty of proposed answers, none of which works particularly well. There is a summary of common ones here:

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/foreign-exchange/theories...

Thanks! To all the others too.

Currency inflation measures the value of currency relative to... everything. Inflation is a fall in the value of currency.

Why do you want a special term for e.g. the dollar falling by 8% at the same time that the british pound also falls by 8% (in which case the value of one currency relative to the other doesn't change)?

Sometimes "debasing" is used to describe the deliberate attempts to devalue money, either by printing more money, or, in earlier times, actually decreasing the amount of precious metals in favor of base metals in minted coins.

There's not really a term for deliberate attempts to increase the value of the currency (as this is a policy goal not really pursued by modern central banks, as deflation is considered to be bad). Demurrage is a related concept, but rarely used in this sense.

Not entirely a direct relationship but often heavily related is the international Fisher effect (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Fisher_effect).