A Universal Scripting Framework (1996) [ps]
ccs.neu.edu
ccs.neu.edu
What happened?
Make no mistake, there were a good number of PDFs floating around before that point. It was pretty much immediately popular, but they were kind of a hassle for everybody not running Windows. There were programs to display them like xpdf, but they weren't bug compatible and lived in a legal grey area. Everything got a lot better once Adobe released the rights on the format.
A case for "little languages" embedded in scheme rather than written in C.
[0] https://web.stanford.edu/~ouster/cgi-bin/papers/tcl-usenix.p...