I'm not a conspiracy theorist, but seeing this so often...
As a personal story, a few years ago I was having trouble accessing youtube videos, buffering, timeouts, etc. I couldn't figure out why, tried upgrading my hardware, software, router, everything. But eventually I started suspecting my ISP[1].
I eventually tried using a proxy service to access the youtube videos. I think I routed my traffic through Iceland or something. Low-and-behold, perfect video streams _through_ a proxy routing traffic from another country. I had plenty of bandwidth. My ISP was just throttling my traffic.
Try a VPN, see if your ISP is messing with your traffic.
I don't trust Google either, and they already own me. But I fear my ISP more and don't believe that Google would be intentionally slowing you down. It's probably more of a function that Google optimizes for Chrome, less that they are trying to force you to change browsers.
[1] I will refrain from naming directly, but whose name starts with a 'C' and ends with an 'omcast'
I know that it could be any number of issues not related to youtube or centurylink, but that's been my experience 100% of the time so far.
They are not interested in user privacy for gods sake.
It seems very conspiracy theory'ish, but the speed and responsiveness difference is undeniable.
A YouTube developer once said on HN that YouTube uses Polymer for non-technical reasons. One could imagine serving as a testbed for Polymer could be that reason, with slower performance on Firefox as an accepted downside.
I have similar problems in Chrome on the rare occasion I use it, so my theory is just a lack of quality control.