The word mostly in here is easily an overstatement... have you ever seen how semi-illiterate write Spanish? If you do, you will understand that there are lots of ambiguities in Spanish orthography. Almost any word can be written in many different ways and be read nearly the same. Moreover, the same symbol is often used for different sounds (but not for different phonemes). For example, the "n" in "cangrejo" and "no", or the two "d" in "dado".
Dialects within the country and in Cyprus use the "Istanbul" Turkish for formal communication, so there exists only one "correct" way to spell each word. But of course, for casual talk and texting, each dialect writes certain words the way they pronounce them.
\* One cool corollary of the WYRIWYP rule is that there's only one correct spelling of any given sequence of sounds. If you take some native Turkish speakers and have them listen to a made-up word, 99% of them will come up with the same spelling independently of each other.
Many other languages haven't been written for long enough for these divergences to take place, or have had spelling reforms in the meantime.