Typescript is not just 'typing' for JS, it encourages much cleaner abstraction, modularization etc. than JS.
My first Typescript exposure was a re-write of several thousand lines of JS code. After a little bit of 'adding typing' I realized there were much better ways to organize information. The result was powerful - what was once a near hairball of code, was now magnificently cleaner, easier to read, easier to re-factor, easier to maintain.
That experience not only validates the existence of TS but strongly highlights the limitations of JS which has always been a deeply problematic language, full of pot holes and weirdness, and though it's fully understandable why the language evolved how it did - that's no justification for it's ugly failings which cause existential inefficiency in many situations.
Though 'adding typing to JS' might be a good start for using Typescript in any given scenario - anyone only doing that is missing a bigger opportunity.
Typescript provides concrete benefits. Maybe it also provide some benefits that aren't so concrete, like encouraging developers to think about how they're representing data earlier rather than later. But it doesn't "fix the language".
I agree TS definitely does not 'fix' JS, but in practice, it helps avoid many issues.
Example: prototype inheritance.
Now you can argue that's a 'good feature' of JS, but I'd argue it's just convoluted and difficult.
Since programming in TS ... I've basically never run into a prototype inheritance concern, and maybe a little bit daring (or lazy) to say that I've forgotten many of the details. You really don't have to know anything about prototype inheritance when you're in TS land.
Modules. Technically, that's going to be 'fixed' in a near future version of JS, but really, it's not. Modularization is cludge in JS with various versions. In TS it's fairly clear. No issues there either.
Also, annotations.
Anyhow, yes, you're right technically, but TS does obfuscate a lot of the ridiculousness to the point wherein I would say TS is borderline another layer of abstraction, not just 'types'.
It's the only thing in tech I actually talk up when I get the chance.