wasn't bell labs part of a very big corporation when they invented basically everything about the modern world?
The Computerphile YouTube channel as some interviews with computer scientists that worked at Bell Labs during their heyday. It's incredibly interesting to hear about how they screwed around with early Linotype printers (which $100k+ in the 70s) and did things like reverse-engineer the font formats to create custom chess fonts.
They had direct-dial long-distance by 1951, using relays and tubes.
The transistor started making a difference in telephony with the release of the 1ESS switch in 1965. But transistors were a commodity by then.