The Planet Now Has More Trees Than It Did 35 Years Ago
psmag.com
psmag.com
So environmentally it's still a loss that's easy to miss, especially if people don't look past the headline numbers. At least the article points this out.
If our greatest environmental efforts can at best end in failure, then those efforts are wasted and we're better off taking no action.
??? "I'm going to die someday, so I might as well subsist on nothing but sugar and alcohol 'til then?"
Anyway, characterizing our efforts as "greatest" is far too generous. They were the efforts we gave. Not the greatest possible efforts that could be given. If biodiversity were the priority, we would have solved this problem.
We are in a worse state not because of the additional trees, but because of other behaviors. There was never a promise that planting trees would make carbon emissions irrelevant (or plastic in the oceans or...)
My understanding is that it's like taking a cancer treatment, and the cancer is unaffected, but at least we got free t-shirts from the cancer clinic.
>We are in a worse state not because of the additional trees, but because of other behaviors.
The article says the new trees and forests are not equivalent to the used trees and previous forests:
>Tree cover is not necessarily forest cover. Industrial timber plantations, mature oil palm estates, and other non-natural "planted forests" qualify as tree cover. For example, cutting down a 100-hectare tract of primary forest and replacing it with a 100-hectare palm plantation will show up in the data as no net change in forest cover: the 100-hectare loss is perfectly offset by the 100-hectare gain in tree cover. That activity would be counted as "deforestation" by the FAO. Therefore, tree cover loss does not directly translate to deforestation in all cases.
To date, this may be true.
But human cultivaiton _can_ result in an increase in biodiversity and ecological productivity vs non-intervention.
This generally looks like gardening instead of monoculture agriculture.
It may be the case that the biodiversity and ecological productivity of the amazon rainforest was greatly aided by human cultivation. See:
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6328/925
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_preta
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/03/its-now-...
There isn't. Once evolutionary processes churn out a species capable of pullulating, at the cost of other species, essentially without limit, the die is cast. The notion that 'we' can 'decide' to escape this biological heritage is just another case of the old superstition: that humans magically transcend the physical world. Just as some tree species may be stripped and killed by a beetle new to the region, our planet's current ecosystems will be destroyed by Homo sapiens. New ecosystems will develop over millennia. Human history will cease. There will be no lamentations.
I grew up in British Columbia, Canada. I remember when you could see a whole row of logging trucks driving by carrying one tree. As in, each section of the tree filled a logging truck. There are trees where that tree was today, but they represent nowhere near the same amount of carbon stored in the form of wood.
The article failed to point this factor out.
A lot of the wood gets burned. Either as the purpose of the wood, or as how the forest got cleared. (Fires are particularly common in the tropics on purpose, and fairly common in the temperate zones by accident. As California demonstrated this month.)
In the process of turning tree into manufactured goods, there is a lot of waste that tends to wind up in the atmosphere.
Manufactured goods are themselves vulnerable to fire, decay, beetles, etc, so some of them are released.
Tracking how much is released, and when is very hard. That is why according to the Kyoto protocol, a tree is counted as released as soon as it is cut down.
All told, deforestation is estimated at around 10% of total greenhouse gas emissions.
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picea_sitchensis for more, including a map of its range.
When someone from British Columbia says "interior" they mean anything past the coast mountain range. This is a semi-arid climate that didn't readily support any of BC's large tree species, namely red cedar, douglas fir, and sitka spruce.
It doesn't matter how many pictures from a century ago that you have of big trees inland, or on the west side of the first mountain range. That's not the interior, and isn't relevant.
The old trees that they were cutting down would've been hundreds of years old. The growth rate of trees slows down over time.
Metaphor: water as carbon. Thick pipe with faster flow can move as much water as a slower moving fat pipe. You're focusing on the cross section of the pipe.
No, it is accelerating - according to this study in Nature [2].
"reviewed records from forest studies on six continents, involving 673,046 individual trees and more than 400 species...97% of the species surveyed, the mass growth rate—literally, the amount of tree in the tree—kept increasing even as the individual tree got older and taller" [1]
"for most species mass growth rate increases continuously with tree size. Thus, large, old trees do not act simply as senescent carbon reservoirs but actively fix large amounts of carbon compared to smaller trees; at the extreme, a single big tree can add the same amount of carbon to the forest within a year as is contained in an entire mid-sized tree" [2]
[1] http://science.time.com/2014/01/15/study-shows-older-trees-a...
Sequoia Gigantis, on the western slope of the mid Sierra, is brittle and not very practical to log.
(please pardon my Latin spelling. English spelling gives me a rough time....)
What I mean is: You look at paintings from 100, 150 years ago of Western MA and it's farmland ... farmland everywhere. Before and kinda-sorta after, it's woodland. Take a walk through and there's dilapidated stone fences from the farms. Beforehand, of course, pure "virgin forest".
If Japan is at least vaguely similar in terms of de- and re-forestation, are there artifacts running through the re-forestation areas of the de-forestation period?
You wouldn't know it from reading this article. The orthodoxy on environmental research and reporting is that everything must be bad news. Humans are destroying the planet and we're all doomed. The rotten thing is about this orthodox attitude is that it has created tremendous apathy. If nothing we humans do can possibly be good and doom is inevitable, why even try?
Here we have a great example of nature's self-rectifying mechanisms in action. Raise global temperatures and CO2 levels and trees grow bigger in more places than before, lowering CO2 levels. It is a fundamentally good thing to see this in action and we really ought to recognize it as such. It means there's hope. If we change a little nature may pitch in too. i.e. If we can cut down on deforestation in the places where it's the worst we'll be in a situation where a significant number of new trees are growing and soaking up CO2 for several decades.
Good environmental news is possible, and it doesn't have to be interpreted as meaning everything is okay and we need not do anything, as many clearly fear. The "everything is bad" orthodoxy has proven far more crippling.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/shift-northern-fo...
I'll give an example of an unexpected improvement:
I volunteered at Audubon for a group that was trying to save wetlands, and by extension the wild salmon. At the time, we didn't have the science to actually mitigate wetlands. So all of our efforts were on conservation. (That didn't go very well.) Now we have more options. So we could, if we wanted to, increase habitat.
That's kinda cool.
Another example is a guy claiming that he has a way to restore grasslands (reverse desertification) by using ranching to simulate migratory herds. https://www.ted.com/talks/allan_savory_how_to_green_the_worl...
If true, that's also kinda awesome.
Generally, the trends are pretty bleak, and awareness is a curse. So people like me need good news just to get out of bed every day.
http://www.lakescientist.com/research-summary-effect-defores...
In reality, we're replacing trees that you could let 5 people wrap their arms around with 'trees' that you can wrap a size z pants' belt around, replacing biodiversity with monoculture palm trees.
That having been said, I agree with the sentiment. There is actually a lot of great news that we don't report on, like child mortality or severe poverty dropping very sharply. Ourworldindata.org is a great place to start.
But in terms of this story, it's not part of the set of good news stories.
If the article had said that there are less trees now than there were 35 years ago, that would be bad news. So the fact that there are more trees is indisputably good news. It's not the best news. There is undoubtedly better news that could be announced. But it is good news. It is better than the assumption that I think most of us had, that global tree cover is declining.
Can't we just be a little bit happy that it's not all utterly terrible?
The biodiversity has been lost, rainforest lost. One tree contains a whole environment. Various insects, birds, animals depend on it. So all of that is lost when the tree is cut.
Now some people planted industrial timber plantations, because of money. None of that is same as what was before. The trees that are planted are not even the same type.
Suppose a bank takes away a family's home with all objects in it. After that the bank gives them a plastic chair. There is some positivity in it because they gained one chair. People are asking why they are not happy about the chair. Why they bring the home into discussion every time we talk about the chair? They probably just want to hear sad things and hate the good news.
I'd also hazard that having more trees in the north/south, where light levels are less is not a good trade deforestation near the equator. If a tree's job is to turn CO2 into O2, we want more of them where there is the most sunshine.
However when you cut down that forest, it turns into wood and a good chunk of that wood tends to turn into CO2 in one way or another in not too many years.
The real "lungs of the world" are the plankton in the ocean. Endlessly absorbing CO2, sinking, and forming mud. Locking away CO2 released by natural sources such as volcanoes.
Indeed, it's also mostly long dead plankton that we're burning in the form of fossil fuels.
Given what we now know about the global impact of these activities, it makes sense that the world pushes back against their development plans. Part of it is "don't make the same mistakes we did," but most of it is "there's a better way," and part of it is a realization that the world collectively needs less pollution and more trees, and since we've already chopped down our trees, we want Brazil to keep theirs for our (global) benefit.
That latter point is selfish. Yes, it's good for the world as a whole, but the cost to Brazil is foregoing the benefits of exploiting their resources the same way other industrialized nations already have. The same applies to China and pollution. They're doing the same thing the US did for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The selfish part is denying these countries the right to exploit their land the way that we already have. If the rest of the world wants Brazil to stop chopping down forests, they should pay them for it.
A more ideal solution might be to expand 'national parks' like ideas to a global scale and "purchase" the land that we as a species want to set aside as an investment in the continued stability of our ONLY presently viable planet.
https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/users/169969-peter-...
Paper here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0192-7.epdf
* I should disclose that I know the person doing this research!
https://news.mongabay.com/2018/08/earth-has-more-trees-now-t...
In particular, the psmag.com article introduces an error in the tree canopy loss/gain graphs that swaps gross gain and net change.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0411-9.epdf?refer...
Reforestation isn't a quick fix: "Forest soil may take centuries to recover carbon sinks damaged by deforestation." (says this report on Nature article:) https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/08/carbon-impact-of-anc...
But unfortunately this is not the reality when it comes to climate change, unless we gave ownership of the Earth to a despot and made it his personal property.
Fisheries are being depleted in a totally unsustainable way, and the areas and species that are well managed are in the minority. There have been some successes, e.g. North Atlantic lobster (although I don't think the uptick in lobster populations is necessarily well enough understood to be attributed to harvest limits), but the growing demand for deepwater fish and the increase in trawling is doing terrible damage to offshore ecosystems, and there is no management scheme in place for them.
But can't we put more pressure on South American? Like tariffs on their goods if they don't sort it out? Not that I like tariffs...
I get the sovereign state thing, but there are models of engagement, flawed, which are like this. My limited understanding is that its not enough to buy the land: you have to defend it from predation by outsiders/others.