https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3298905
People 35 and over, are somewhat likely to have families and find it difficult to relocate.
There are a lot of places where you get a job in this industry faster than you can say "Software Engineer", so it's definitely not only a Bay Area thing. NY/Berlin/London are just as bad from personal experience and as a rough estimate every city above 1mil population, is probably not too different.
From your list that leaves Berlin.
Few other towns have the density and variety of startups that the Bay Area has to be honest.
This is about ease of finding a job in the field, and startups are not the only employers there.