There’s some Star Trek episodes that touch on this, maybe in later TNG or DS9. Can’t recall exactly at present.
Edit: here we go: http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Speed_limit
Edit: here we go: http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Speed_limit
Tangential - comparison of warp coils in different Starfleet ships: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXAoIGTQEBY