How does this work in other counties such as the UK?
If they think you'll probably flee, you just go to jail.
If they think you'll hurt somebody before the trial, you just go to jail.
Otherwise they figure out some rules (like "Don't go to Bill's house" or "Don't hang out with Frank and Simon") and then tell you that you need to come back for your trial and meanwhile you must obey the rules.
If you break the rules, they might arrest you, and decide you now need to go to jail until the trial.
If you forget to come back for the trial (obviously a few people deliberately flee, but remember these aren't like bank robbers or murderers, they're shoplifters or people who got into a fist fight, so most cases genuinely forgot, overslept, etcetera) the court tells the police you didn't show up, the police find and arrest you for breach of bail. Then you spend a night or two in a cell, awaiting your new court date. Since you were in a cell, ensuring you appear this time is much easier.
For the type of people who forget, the humiliation and inconvenience of spending a night in a cell waiting for the new trial date is adequate "punishment" for their foolishness and wasting the court's time, they mostly look a bit forlorn when I've seen them, they're Spud from Trainspotting, not Begbie, or even Renton.
https://www.gov.uk/charged-crime/bail
https://www.inbrief.co.uk/court-proceedings/remand-in-custod...
If this was attempted in the United States, and we wanted to maintain the due process protections afforded by our Constitution, we would have to fund our indigent defense programs at levels far, far beyond what anyone has been willing to do.
There are also no bail bondsmen/bounty hunters; that role is taken on by the police. Failing to surrender can be punished with an increased sentence and being denied bail in the future - if you're caught.
The article also notes that "In 1991, Washington, D.C., ended its bail bond system and now releases nearly 90 percent of pretrial defendants."