I work in this space. The breakthrough will most likely come from computational biologists, not an external ML group. Liquid biopsy is close and that's the domain that reeeallly needs ML/AI in additional to strong mechanistic models.
a biopsy from your peripheral plasma, opposed to solid tumor. A big issue in cancer medicine is it's super fucking hard to get any kind of noninvasive measurement. Typically it's done with surgery or with CAT scans, which have extremely low precision.
Research in the last few years has been pointing to the idea that we can detect tumor derived DNA fragments in plasma. The challenge being, healthy dna makes up 99.9% of it, this means that currently the methods only work when the tumor burden (metastatic for instance) is high. Not ideal for early detection or treatment monitoring. But if the computational tools improve (rn none assume such a low mixture), you could see sensitivity and precision increase to the point that it's useful for predicting therapeutic outcomes and for early detection.