To be fair almost all of the research around this is still outstanding as basically anybody researching this hypothesis before about 2012 was committing academic suicide and open for vitriolic attack from the AHA and others. I highly recommend good calorie bad calorie to get a sense for how incredibly anti-science nutrition was at the time. No one defends the Keynes studies anymore, and most agree that simple carbohydrates are ground zero for diabetes and other “diseases of the modern world”. The only debate left is if it’s the only cause. In my case after looking at the material and doing a n=1 experiment with a ketogenic diet - the first one I actually ever lost weight with, I am sold that for my personal Metabolism that this is a effective tool.