Missouri disaster: Duck boat’s designer had no engineering training
latimes.com
latimes.com
And presumably someone in government (in a lot of places) signed off on transporting people in these.
Yes, someone with more experience and even professionally licensed should probably have signed off on the mods. But no one OKing this service required it and it's not clear the modifications were responsible for what happened or it was just something that can happen when duck boats generally are operated in the way that they're operated.
The NTSB really should have put an end to this industry in 1999. It's tough to imagine that they won't fix their mistake this time around.
These things are insanely heavy, put through daily stress, and are basically maintained by carnies.
Whether they're sinking like brick or eviscerating the sides of buses, it's clear that they don't belong on the road.
Can't they just sunset these stupid things for the sake of the businesses, let wealthy collectors buy the old boats for their own purposes (and at their own risk), and force "Ride the Ducks" (who constantly insists that is not a single entity, despite having the same brand and business model), to purchase modern amphibious tour buses that pass safety regulations.
Surely there would become an immediate demand for a safe, comfortable, maneuverable amphibious vehicle in the wake of a crackdown on these deathtraps.
That's factually incorrect. Smaller monohulls that focus on racing performance often do not have weights, though they will certainly have a keel to reduce drift when sailing upwind. The exceptions are certain classes of tiny sports vessels.
Larger monohulls that are designed to be lived on are generally categorised under "class A" according to Europe's CE certification, but are probably sold with equal safety standards around the world. Class A means that they are impossible to fully capsize and will not sink with even a reasonable amount of water in them (well, de facto at least, de jure they only need to survive certain wind and sea conditions). For example, a class A yacht may roll over 90° onto its side and fill up with water, but will not sink. To pull this off, these yachts have heavy weights on the end of their keels to counterbalance the force of the wind pushing them into the water.
However, given enough water in them, even class A yachts will begin to sink.
You started this subthread by comparing 30+ passenger commercial amphibious vessels with sub-20' dinghies. Nonsense begets nonsense.
They did everything they could legally do, which is to say that they issued many strongly worded recommendations. Unfortunately they don’t have the legal authority to actually force anyone to do anything.
As with most of these issues, it’s quite likely that a private market solution would be most effective. If insurance companies refused to cover these boats, or they at least forced clients to implement all NTSB recommendations, the problems associated with this industry would largely disappear overnight. According to the NTSB, the reason the death rate is so high when these things sink is because the canopy doesn’t come off. They had specific recommendations that would address this problem, and the industry seems to have entirely ignored them.
By all means let's get some proper safety standards for these things, but banning them outright seems excessive.
Philadelphia's fleet of 20 to 25 duck boats have been
involved in three fatalities in five years, he said. "If
you compare those rates to the number of fatalities per mile
driven in a passenger car, you are talking about rates of
fatalities literally thousands of times higher."
(http://www.philly.com/philly/business/396220791.html)If you search Google news (use a date range prior to this month's accident) you'll see regular deadly incidents going back years.
The NTSB did a huge review after a 1999 incident with 13 deaths. Conclusion? They're death traps. Duck boats swamp easily and sink like a stone. If there's a canopy people get dragged straight to the bottom.
The industry is huge and economically important. So perhaps just grandfather existing duck boats as long as they don't have a canopy. If you want a fancy duck boat with windows and a canopy, then buy a properly designed boat that isn't a death trap.
EDIT: Reading through the Google News results it seems these things are more deadly on land than in water.
Amphibious tours in amphibious cities would be great, but I doubt you could even get those things approved now, and no one actually has the money to make a new fleet and profit.
It is also probably note worthy that the original design was made for a situation where loss of human life was already expected.
However, they're unsafe in other ways. The 2015 crash in Seattle, which killed 4, was caused by a snapped axle. When I read that the duck design was "stretched" by someone with zero engineering training, that sounds awfully suspicious.
An additional concern is the the safety & maintenance records themselves. As part of the settlement in Seattle, the company admitted to 463 separate violations:
https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/duc...
From the article:
"In the water, duck boats are like a “sinking coffin” when they start to flood, said McCaskill, who plans to draft legislation proposing stronger safety standards for duck boats."
Forgive the dead horse beating, but this is why it's frequently said on HN (and in general) that safety laws and regulations are written in blood. People die, gaps are identified, gaps are closed, time passes, people complain about regulation.
People stop dying from it (because the regulation) therefore it’s not needed.
Law is similar, except on much longer timescales. I wish the laws would carry both inline explanation (comments), and explanations of reasoning and causes when changed (commit messages).
De-regulators know there is a reason, in many cases they understand it well. They don't care.
https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/24/us/seattle-tour-bus-duck-tour...
I think after the NTSB is done, it's likely these get taken off waterways --at which point, there is no reason to keep them as land only vehicles since they get such poor mileage and offer a poor bumpy ride.
I would hope that some (known) relatively simple and inexpensive quick fixes would at least be made though.
If this isn’t a good time for a regulator to intervene, when is?
Yeah the canopies seem like death traps :(
Unfortunately, I heard reports that, no one had life jackets on.
Then when water started coming on board, reports said, some people stood up (possibly to get the life jackets) but the employees told everyone to stay sitting.
https://www.google.com/maps/@36.6044492,-93.3119691,3a,75y,2...
If they had started out right next to the dam, they couldn't have driven up onto that, but in that case they would have passed about half a mile of shoreline before sinking.
If this sort of thing happened at Lake of the Ozarks, the main obstacle would be all the lake-home seawalls... CoE regs prevent installation of those amenities at Table Rock. Of course, given the Lake's wealthier/more prestigious clientele, duck rides would never prosper there...
'U.S. Coast Guard spokesman Chad Saylor confirmed that the Missouri duck boat was a “stretch duck.” He said the boat was last inspected on Nov. 29, 2017, and was found “fit for route and service.”'
The town was under a severe thunderstorm warning issued about half an hour before the boat capsized.
There were numerous reports of damage throughout the county, including trees down and structural damage, said CNN meteorologist Taylor Ward.
The highest wind gust reported in the area was 63 mph.
"I believe it was caused by weather, yes," said Stone County Sheriff Doug Rader.
Any time you are traveling in a motorized vehicle there is a chance that things turn deadly. Let's allow the investigation to continue before rushing to judgement.
[0]: https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/24/us/missouri-duck-boat-investi...
> Until reserve buoyancy retrofits are completed the Board recommended immediate actions to mitigate the danger for vessels without adequate reserve buoyancy including the removal of canopies during water operations or installation of a Coast Guard approved canopy that would not restrict the horizontal or vertical escape of passengers; closing unnecessary access plugs; reduction of through-hull penetrations to the minimum size needed for operation; and installation of independently powered electric bilge pumps.
I don't have all the information, but it certainly doesn't look like those recommendations were enacted here.
[0]: https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NTSB_Determin...
This is a strawman - no one is calling for ending the investigation prematurely.
> before rushing to judgement.
How soon is too soon to "rush" to judgement that these boats are unsafe?
The NTSB report regarding the 1999 Arkansas sinking [0] noted problems with their lack of reserve buoyancy. Certainly weather played a factor in the Missouri sinking, but so did the design flaw that causes it to sink or capsize much more easily than a modern boat of equivalent size. That design flaw has been known publicly for almost 20 years.
The passengers who drowned in the Missouri sinking weren't wearing life jackets. [1] The 1999 NTSB report recommended removing the canopies of these boats, but if the canopies couldn't be removed, then they recommended not using life jackets.
And the main subject of the article is the crash from 3 years ago in Seattle. That happened on land, caused by a broken axle. [2] It turns out the person who designed the "stretch" duck boats didn't have any formal engineering training, and it's not a huge step to imagine that stretching a vehicle in that way could lead to increased stress on the axle.
This isn't rushing to judgement. This is understanding the context of decades of previous incidents for better insight into the most recent one.
0: https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NTSB_Determin...
1: https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/22/us/missouri-duck-boat-tragedy...
2: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/ntsb-ruling-expect...
Amphibious buses [2] are scary. They have flotation, but how stable are they in rough water?
[1] https://www.uscgboating.org/regulations/assets/builders-hand...
[2] https://newatlas.com/stagecoach-amphibious-bus-amfibus/14130...
Too much regulation and certification, and you have the aviation industry, where you can't so much as run a USB charger out to the front panel of your Cessna without the FAA coming down on you like a ton of bricks. Too little and you have people drowning and kids getting their heads accidentally ripped off. Maybe the line should be drawn at the point where you hang your shingle out there and try to make a business out of your invention?
1: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/04/0...
The last thing we need is flaming Cessna's dropping out of the sky into heavily populated areas.
Where it's amazingly safe considering it's literally aluminum tubes carrying humans through the air at almost 700 mph? I'm a big fan of what the FAA does.
This article is worded like somehow an ivy league education would have fixed that duck boats are a shitty deal. I think that's pointing the finger in the wrong direction.
Citation needed.
This whole thing is not ideal and needs to maybe be regulated. In my opinion it should be regulated because Duck Tours are a stupid eyesore and anyone who would pile on them doesn't value an actual good time, but that's just me... While the article makes sure to spend several paragraphs railing on the design by a mechanic 30 years back, it doesn't actually put together a graph to quantify duck tour accidents in relation to say accidents on greyhound or megabus. It just says these things have killed people. Great, so do rented party boats.
The conclusion it draws from the first sentence onward is that because this guy didn't go to college that he designed a death trap. He didn't even design the thing. He modified something that the US military built for storming the beaches at Normandy. It's ludicrous.
Anyone who is lucky and driven enough to get a real study in engineering should. They should also build amazing things after! And if they unfortunately kill people, then that should be evaluated on it's merits, but it's just silly to say that this guy didn't take a lot into account and worked with what he had based around safety expectations of the time. His education isn't even nearly the most important thing happening here.
The Ivy League is known for liberal arts, not engineering.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_tour
If they took away the canopy and made customers wear life jackets, I might actually consider riding in one.
What's the procedure for regulating a national industry like this? The eco-tour companies out here in my state are constantly in fear of being regulated, but that's regulation on the state level, by state agencies. Duck-tours, and duck-tour disasters seem to be all over.
I suspect though that these probably fall into some crack where it's unclear who, if any, has federal regulatory authority.
Engineering school does not confer at least two things: common sense and experience. These qualities are independent from academic learning.
If the designer/modifier is found to be at fault it is far more likely to be due to a lack of research and common sense than a lack of schooling.
I mean, building a boat like that that can sink if swamped and traps passengers inside is just plain stupid, degree or not.
[0] https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/ntsb-ruling-expect...
> He said the boat was last inspected on Nov. 29, 2017, and was found “fit for route and service.”
But I assume that's more like when I get my car inspected. This is one of those things I assume exist in society, but I guess I really have no idea.
I guess this news story wasn't reported anywhere else huh..
http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/ronnie_polaneczky/du...
These “boats” (they are not) do not meet basic standards for road nor sea, are furthermore hacked together from scrap, maintained shoddily, and yet receive certifications from all government authorities from which they require inspection in order to operate.
Keep straws. Ban this.
People are rushing to judgement based on a lack of familiarity with an industry and so are extrapolating anecdotal evidence to be more widespread than it likely is given that this article seems to have been searching far and wide to dig up any incidents it could, including even regular roadway crashes in the reporting.
After a series of incidents(fires at sea, sinking) due to shoddy maintainence by poorly resourced bus mechanics and questionable modifications made in a desperate attempt to make them, technically, seaworthy according to modern regulations, they have both shut down. I'm kinda surprised the US still has them in such numbers.
And the only two major incidents at sea have been caused by extreme human error. The 1999 issue was a mechanic leaving a 4.5" access hole to the hull unplugged. And the most recent involved the captain taking the passengers out into a serious storm with 70+ mph winds and 4-6 foot waves. Like most things in the media today this just seems like absurd sensationalism over an event that people can be emotionally exploited to click on lots of stuff about.
[1] - https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/MA...
It’s like using Spitfires to transport school children.
Many tour vessels called 'ducks' are actually LARC-5s, like this one:
This firm does seem to target tourists, who would be less likely than locals to have boating experience.
Then again, I usually don't bother fishing when there are near hurricane winds forecast. Although I have gone trawling across a pond with two anchors down on multiple occasions...
http://cdn1.bostonmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/du...
http://www.completingmybucketlist.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2...
https://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/17877/image.j...
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/LondonDu...
https://www.massvacation.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/11...
https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/50295385/...
https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/23/us/missouri-duck-boat-investi...
Put another way these things seem to be incredibly safe on average, but certainly when something goes wrong it's going to be make for good headlines because it's so awful. But beyond that, it seems like even when something does go wrong you certainly have good chances if you're a decent swimmer. Though perhaps this incident would be an exception, it looks like they were out in the water during a serious storm - which is completely idiotic in any sort of small water boat.
Most of them have windows or plastic sheeting that can (and was in the Missouri case) be closed in the case of rain or cold weather.
The coast guard also recommends not wearing life jackets while inside because in one documented inncident people wearing life jackets floated to the top and got stuck under the canopy.
For instance you can find that thousands of people have been killed because of seat belts or air bags. But these things don't really matter because the rate of incidence is extremely low. Perhaps also a bad example on my part as they also save lives when they work, but you can pick practically anything -- given a large enough sample, you'll find people manage to die to just about everything. My favorite is Isadora Duncan - a celebrity, no less! So the key question is what is the incident rate here? Given the most condemning data we have is "multiple reports" over 2 decades, that sounds like a pretty good baseline for 'extremely safe.'
----
Also, can you please provide evidence of even just a single duck boat with windows? I just tried pretty hard to find even a single one, and failed. But yeah, velcro or drop sheets are of course part of the system. And again those are designed to be able to be rapidly removed.
The most condemning data we as armchair sleuths have is that the NTSB who did have all the data on incident rates opened an investigation in 1999. They concluded that the boats weren't safe. They recommended that they be retrofitted with reserve buoyancy, that electric bill pumps be installed (so that bilge pumps keep working when the engine is swamped), and that the canopies be removed or replaced with coast guard approved canopies that allow for easy escape.
>Also, can you please provide evidence of even just a single duck boat with windows? I just tried pretty hard to find even a single one, and failed. But yeah, velcro or drop sheets are of course part of the system. And again those are designed to be able to be rapidly removed.
https://www.gannett-cdn.com/presto/2018/07/22/PSPR/90431ecf-...
Those were on the Missouri boat that sank. They can be electronically raised and lowered by the captain [1]. They don't look like they are easy to remove without the captain raising them. From watching video taken inside, they don't appear to be held on by something easy to remove like velcro.
According to eye witness reports they weren't able to easily escape through the windows.
"Keller said her daughter made it clear that the canopy was on and the windows were sealed." "They were all closed," Keller said her daughter told her. "The windows were closed and the top was on." "It was so hard to get out of the boat, Mom. It was so hard to get out of the boat."[2]
You also have designs like this: https://media4.s-nbcnews.com/j/newscms/2018_29/2504521/18072...
Where the window openings are too narrow to allow for quick escape. Especially considering how low in the water they ride and how quickly they sink.
1. https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article215235950.html 2. https://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article215257...
And (at risk of hijacking my own point, again) in this case the major problem was not the boat itself, but a captain bringing his passengers out into a very severe storm - with possible wind speeds in excess of 60 mph in the exact lake they were going into. And the warning was released before they even entered the water. That's enough to wreck any small water vehicle. And the captain also did not tell the passengers to put on their life vests even when telling them this was the worst storm he'd ever seen. He probably did not want to start a panic but, at least in hindsight, that was another bad judgement call on his part. It'll be up to the courts to decide if that judgement entered into the realm of negligence.
That part was a paraphrase of what he said. You ignored the next part which was a direct quote: the windows would "prevent you from even trying to get out. You need to swim toward the back of the boat. But there being 30-plus people in there, I could just ... just all the chaos happening in there I think it would be difficult to calmly line up and go out the back."
He's not talking about just children and elderly when he mentions people calmly lining up and going out the back.
Look at the plastic sheeting. They are raised and lowered electronically and the sheets take up an entire side of the boat. Nothing about them looks well designed to allow quick escape in an emergency.
>These incidents seem to be extremely rare relative to the usage of these vehicles.
You don't know that at all. You have no idea how often they are are used or how many of them are operating. You don't have the information say whether they are more or less dangerous than other tour boats.
You know who does have this information, the NTSB. Their conclusion is that they are unsafe and should be heavily modified.
>And the captain also did not tell the passengers to put on their life vests
The coast guard doesn't recommend wearing life vest while under a canopy because if the boat goes down the vest can pin you under the canopy. In the 1999 sinking they found 4 people with life vests stuck under the canopy.
> The canopy was also detachable, and was detached,
This article and pictures I've seen of the recovered boat indicates that it wasn't actually detached, "The boat appeared largely intact with holes in its canvas top.." It looks like it either ripped or a few flaps were opened in it.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/coast-guard-preparing-to-raise-...
A private inspector who inspected the boats for the company that owns them last year even warned the company about how dangerous they were. He inspected 20 of them and thought they were too dangerous. He said: "The biggest problem with a duck when it sinks is that canopy, Paul said. “That canopy becomes what I’ll call a people catcher, and people can’t get out from under that canopy."
I understand it can be difficult to find facts between all the emotional drivel, but your own article (second one) states, "the captain had a moment of clarity and was able to release the canopy." Of course they could just be writing whatever they feel like, which is another increasingly common trend in media, but this is a rather specific fact.
>hugely popular
>numerous companies
>various areas
>6+ hours
There is no way to get useful data from that. 80 boats being used all over the country for 6+ hours in a few places with an average of 3 hours per day across all boats for 20 years, fits your descriptions.
Automobile fatility rate is 1.25 per 100 million miles. Assuming a high average of 50 mph (to convert to deaths per hour), all those assumptions would put DUKWs at about 40 times more fatalities per hour than cars (over the last 20 years).
Maybe there are 160 boats and they really drive 6 hours per day average, that's still 10 times deadlier per hour than cars.
Tour boats and tour buses, which we should be comparing them to are much safer than cars. How is that comparison?
But none of this matters because we don't have accurate estimates, the NTSB does, and they have experts who evaluated the boats and found them unsafe.
I don't care what a news report says. The NTSB report is all the evidence I need unless I see other more compelling evidence to the contrary.
And the NTSB also did not find the boats themselves unsafe, though that they could be made to be safer in case of accidents. They stated the cause of the accident was "inadequate maintenance." The other issues, which the media is obsessing on today, were listed as contributing to the magnitude of the incident, not causes of the incident. The cause then, like now, was human error. The 1999 boat was sent out to sea with with a 4.5" hull access plug removed. The mechanic, who was new to the job, forgot to put it back in. The operator did nothing to evacuate the craft, and so on.
[1] - http://amusementtoday.com/2015/05/original-wisconsin-ducks-c...
[2] - https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/MA...
That wasn't the number for DUKWs that was the number for all amphibious passenger vehicles.
>It's reasonable to assume that that number has been increasing over time
That's really a reasonable assumption considering the vehicles are 70+ years old.
>but the millions in the 90s at least gives you a decent ballpark
Again that's all amphibious vehicles, nothing about DUKWs, but let's assume they are.
1 million passengers. The DUKW in Missouri had 30 passengers, so let's assume the average trip is half full. 1 million passengers / 15 ~= 67k trips * 1.5 hours per trip ~= 100k hours per year.
There have about 40 fatalities caused by DUKWs in the last 20 years. 100k hours * 20 years = 2 million hours.
20 deaths per million hours operated
For cars we have ~0.625 deaths per million hours operated.
32 times more deadly per hour. Remarkably close to my first estimate.
Your #1 link estimates that there are 300 operational DUKWs in the US today. That's going to include reserves that are only operating during busy seasons/weekends etc... But let's assume they are all active for 6 hours per day on average (which is way too high). You still get a fatality rate per hour about 5 times higher than cars.
And again, tour boats and tour buses are much safer than cars, so the comparison will be much worse.
>And the NTSB also did not find the boats themselves unsafe
They did. Here is their recommendation:
“Without delay, alter your amphibious passenger vessels to provide reserve buoyancy through passive means, such as watertight compartmentalization, builtin flotation, or equivalent measures, so that they will remain afloat and upright in the event of flooding, even when carrying a full complement of passengers and crew.”
“The Safety Board considers that the major consideration in assessing the ability of passengers to escape from a sinking DUKW is the overhead canopy.”
>The other issues, which the media is obsessing on today, were listed as contributing to the magnitude of the incident, not causes of the incident.
Of course they aren't the cause. A canopy isn't going to cause a boat to sink.
This was the NTSB's conclusion on the accident.
"The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the flooding and sinking of the DUKW No.1 was a missing access plug, which, in turn, was caused by inadequate supervision of company personnel and inadequate management oversight of amphibious passenger vehicle maintenance. Contributing to the sinking was a flaw in the design of DUKWs, that is, the lack of adequate reserve buoyancy that would have allowed the vehicle to remain afloat in a flooded condition."
The accident was not caused because the vehicles were unsafe. It was caused because of human error. The things you're talking about are factors that contributed to the sinking. Without the main problem (human error) there would be no problem. And, lo and behold, human error was also the cause in this most recent incident as well.
I only have fatalities for the last 20 years if that wasn't clear. If you want to go back into non-digitized local newspaper archives across the country to find out if there were any other deaths as well as try to figure out how many were operating 70 years ago, be my guest.
That doesn't change that fact that over the last 20 years, DUKWs are much deadlier per hour than cars, and it's even worse when compared to buses and tour boats.
>The reason I gave you the hours and population is because you then figure out 'person hours'
Fine. 1.5 million person hours * 20 years = 30 million person hours
40 deaths / 30 million person hours = ~1.3 deaths per million person hours
The best answer I can find for how long the Average America spends in a car per day times number of drivers times days give me 199,685 million person hours per year, and 37k vehicle fatalities last year = 37k/199685 = 0.19 deaths per million person hours
About 6 times deadlier.
Tour boats and buses are much safer than cars so adjust accordingly. In the UK (only place I could find the data in hours) water transportation has 50 deaths per billion hours. 0.05 deaths per million person hours, Making DUKWs 26 times deadlier than the average UK passenger boat.
>The accident was not caused because the vehicles were unsafe. It was caused because of human error. The things you're talking about are factors that contributed to the sinking. Without the main problem (human error) there would be no problem.
This is completely meaningless. Human error is the cause of almost all traffic accidents as well, yet some cars are still unsafe because of the behavior of the car once human error takes place.
Assume that the NTSB finds that a defect in a new bus called the Explodo will trap all it's occupants inside and cause it to catch fire in the event the driver hits an obstacle at greater than 20 miles per hour. Are you going to argue that the NTSB isn't really saying the bus is unsafe because human error is necessary to trigger the defect? No you're not.
Look, I get it. You pride yourself on making evidence based judgments. However, in this case you did some quick math and misjudged the danger, but now you're digging in and sticking to an indefensible position. You're letting your emotions influence your position--behaving exactly like the journalists you were original railing against.
Your numbers on person hours for us drivers is far off. Keep in mind that a total of about 3.2 trillion miles are driven per year. 199.685 trillion person hours would give an average base rate of travel of 0.016 miles per hour. Obviously you need to multiply that by the average number of occupants per vehicle, but even if you say there are 10 occupants you're looking at 0.16 miles per hour on average so it looks like you missed some decimal points.
Your explodo example is not really reasonable. We know here for a fact that these things have transported tens of millions of people. And they've also been in operation for millions of hours. There's way more than enough of a sample for lots of things to have gone wrong. Yet of all the incidents that have happened in these millions of hours, and the likely 40,000,000+ people that have used these vehicles, we only had 2 severe accidents - both caused by extreme human incompetence. So you're left with two choices, neither of which I expect you'd really like:
- Accidents practically never happen.
- Accidents do happen at a normal frequency, but in nearly all cases the outcome is completely safe.
That's not even remotely safe to assume. You can't seriously think the LA times has the manpower to comb through 70 years of non-digitized records and local newspaper stories for 1 article.
Since they included traffic incidents after 1999, and you think they went through 70 years of data. Why no traffic incidents before 1999? The simplest explanation is that they only included what they could find using digital records that were easy to access.
> looks like you missed some decimal points.
I looked it over and the data is just wrong. It was based on self reported data, and it looks like people just over report the amount of time they spend in cars.
Since there is no way to accurately calculate person hours for cars. I'll just refer you back to the estimation based on operating hours.
Or you can compare it to the person hour safety data for passenger boats in the UK. Either way based on my estimations, DUKWs are likely statistically much more dangerous.
But who cares. I'm just some guy on the interne with very limited access to the relevant data. You don't need to take my word for it.
The NTSB found that the boats were unsafe. Their recommendation to New York and Wisconsin was that they require DUKWs to be modified or cease operations. Their recommendation was that unmodified DUKWs are too dangerous to continue carrying passengers.
>Your explodo example is not really reasonable.
So you agree that safety flaws that magnify human error can make a vehicle unsafe? Because it seemed like you were arguing the opposite for the last several posts.
>And they've also been in operation for millions of hours. There's way more than enough of a sample for lots of things to have gone wrong. Yet of all the incidents that have happened in these millions of hours, and the likely 40,000,000+ people that have used these vehicles, we only had 2 severe accidents - both caused by extreme human incompetence. So you're left with two choices, neither of which I expect you'd really like:
This entire paragraph is an appeal to emotion. You've disguised it by throwing in some very dubious numbers that you have no way of verifying. Your argument essentially boils down to: We've had lots of people ride our boats and only a couple really bad accidents--that means they're safe.
The rational way to judge their safety is to compare the fatality rate to other vehicles, and in the absence of the ability to accurately do this, defer to a trusted expert. But you just want to focus on what feels right to you.
The NTSB thinks that they are dangerous, back of the envelope math shows they are probably more dangerous than other vehicles. Just admit that your gut reaction was wrong in this one case.
And on that note, I feel as though you're projecting here. The numbers we've come up for here look okayish even when you are making crazy assumptions like pretending these things never existed before 1999, or were using some rather creative math to get that person hours estimate. Reality is rather friendlier, meaning these numbers are going to go from "okayish" to something substantially better. The reason we were interested in the rates was not to prove they are safer than cars, but to show that when you look at the incident rates that these calls for bans on them are grossly sensationalistic and emotional. I'm not sure what level of accident rate does make one start pondering a ban, but we're obviously not even in the remotely right ballpark for that sort of discussion.
The NTSB investigates literally thousands of incidents, offers probable cause and solutions where available. The presence of solutions that could lessen the dangers of catastrophic failure is not the same thing as the boats themselves being unsafe. For instance, if I were to locate a report from the NTSB proposing some form of vehicular regulation or another, would you then insist that all vehicles are unsafe, simply for the fact that they could be made more safe? I would not have to search long, as you can see from their reports [1] yourself.
[1] - https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/Ac...
Here's another example of why these extrapolations are useless without real data.
1. There is absolutely nothing that would allow you to say with any confidence whatsoever what the growth curve looked like. Maybe it was quadratic and there were only a million from 1946 to 1998. From looking at the history of the original Wisconsin Ducks, it looks like they operated with only a handful of DUKWs for decades. Maybe they stayed small until bigger companies got involved and spread to multiple cities in only a few years before 1999? You don't know, which is why trying to use numbers before 1999 is useless.
Exponential growth is a very likely explanation for the appearance of an increase in fatalities over the last 20 years (Vehicle aging and easier access to modern records are others)
2. The 1 million number you keep quoting was for all amphibious tourist vehicles, not only DUKWs. There were other amphibious vehicles in operation in 1999, and there are more now. There is no breakdown for the number of riders by vehicle type. Given that newer purpose built vehicles are more expensive, they are more likely to be used in high traffic areas thus they are likely to carry a higher than expected proportion of the total riders.
3. These vehicles are now over 70 years old. It is entirely possible that there are fewer of them in operation than there were in 1999.
>I do not believe that you believe that organizations such as the LA Times and NY Times are incapable of digging up incident reports in the decades before 1999 - that's cognitive dissonance.
Do you think there were zero safety incidents involving DUKWs before 1999? You stated they included recent traffic incidents. If they were going back through 70 years of records, why didn't they include any previous traffic incidents? The most likely explanation is that they found the low hanging fruit and didn't bother going back any further.
There were 4 days between the incident and the report you mention. What kind of world are you living in where a newspaper has the resources to comb through 70 years of local news reports and accident reports from every relevant municipality for 1 article in 4 under days.
>crazy assumptions like pretending these things never existed before 1999
This is absurd. We clearly lack data to make accurate estimations from before 1999. We can try to look at the fatality rate over the last 20 years, or we can spend time arguing over why we can't find 70 year old accident reports from a small hamlet in Wisconsin over the internet.
> Reality is rather friendlier, meaning these numbers are going to go from "okayish" to something substantially better...I'm not sure what level of accident rate does make one start pondering a ban, but we're obviously not even in the remotely right ballpark for that sort of discussion.
I think that 26 times deadlier per hour than UK passenger boats warrants looking into it, but I'm not the expert. The experts issued a report though. And it recommended banning unmodified DUKWs.
>grossly sensationalistic and emotional
I think you're the one projecting here. The NTSB called for a ban on unmodified vehicles. Newspaper reporters parroting the NTSB experts can hardly be called sensational.
>more safe
Your misreading of the NTSB report is incredibly frustrating. The NTSB issued a recommendation that operators immediately make heavy modifications. They then made recommendations to state governments that they ban unmodified vehicles. If you read the report they sent communications back and forth with dozens of individual operators begging them to make these modifications.
Here's an excerpt: "THE AMPHIBIOUS VESSELS ARE SUBJECT TO SINKING AND A TRAGEDY LIKE THE ONE THAT OCCURRED IN ARKANSAS COULD BE REPEATED. ACCORDINGLY, THE SAFETY BOARD REQUESTS THAT THE WISCONSIN DUCKS RECONSIDER THEIR POSITION ON THIS MATTER AND CONSIDER TAKING THE REQUESTED ACTION. PENDING FURTHER REPLY FROM THE WISCONSIN DUCKS, M-00-5 HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED "OPEN--UNACCEPTABLE RESPONSE." IN THE INTEREST OF ACCURACY, YOUR LETTER REFLECTS PERCEPTIONS OF THE EXPERIENCE LEVEL OF OUR MARINE STAFF AND SAFETY BOARD - U.S. COAST GUARD RELATIONS THAT ARE NOT FACTUAL. SHOULD WISCONSIN DUCKS WISH TO DISCUSS THESE ISSUES, MY MARINE STAFF CAN BE CONTACTED AT (202) 314-6450."
Nothing about the report or subsequent communication is indicative of an opinion that the boats are safe but that they could be made "more safe." A reasonable, rational person would read the NTSB be report as a proclamation that unmodified DUKWs are unsafe.
The mental gymnastics you have to go through to read that report and take from it that these vehicles are safe for passengers is truly, spectacularly, amazing.
I don't say that to mock you or your latest suggestion, but because I think you might genuinely be unaware you're doing this. I'm certain you think your view is correct and naturally therefore assume that there must be logic, and thus evidence, behind it. You're not considering the possibility that your view may be incorrect in this case.
And this is causing you to make more silly mistakes. For instance you are now proposing that perhaps the number of ducks in operation declined since 1999. As you mentioned, from the writeup on the original duckboat operator, there are about 300 ducks are in operation today. That growth ranges from a substantial 20% if we assume every one of the 250 vehicles the NTSB was referred to as 'amphibious vehicle' was a duck. If you genuinely believe that to not be the case (and some of those 250 were something else), then the growth since 1999 could potentially be vastly larger.
The NTSB did not call for a ban on ducks. They even specifically suggested an alternative list of (much cheaper and easier) criteria states could require in lieu of providing the additional reserve buoyancy. In fact, check out page 54 of the report. There was infighting within the agency even about the relatively minimal 'alternative' suggestions they put forth. Internally it was felt that the additional buoyancy requirement was unable to be able to be effectively implemented, and that the canopies were not a danger. In particular, some of the NTSB staff felt that basic requirements (double clamps on drive shaft boots, additional bilge alarms, etc) would be sufficient to prevent this sort of accident in the future. You're conflating media sensationalism with the quite level headed and reasonable report.
In the calculations I made I maintained a steady 1 million per year. Your emotions are causing you to misread what I'm writing.
>but beyond improbable and seems to be based on absolutely no logic other than 'this is what I need to try to maintain my view, so it must be reasonable.'
Slow steady growth in existing markets with bursts as they moved into new markets approximating an exponential curve, followed by low growth once all potential markets were saturated and the supply of surplus military vehicles dried up is "beyond improbable"?
I'm not making a strong claim here. I'm saying that such a growth curve is possible and not improbable.
>By contrast the assumption of normal growth is based not only.. well normalcy
Linear growth isn’t a safe default assumption. Rapid growth followed by a plateau is “normal”.
>You're not considering the possibility that your view may be incorrect in this case.
I’m almost certain you’re not actually reading what I’m writing. I’ve said numerous times that I can’t accurately estimate how many people rode DUKWs before 1999. I’m not attempting to provide accurate estimates for that time period. There could have been 50 million passengers before 1999, and there could have been less than a million. There could have been 0 fatalities before 1999 and there could have been a dozen. For both of those numbers the answer is almost certainly somewhere between those 2 extremes. Where we do not know because we don’t have the data.
We do know how many fatalities there have been since 1999, and we can make a better estimate of how many people have ridden them. We’re still not going to get very accurate data. But the data we have shows that it is likely that DUKWs over the last 20 years are substantially less safe than other boats.
>For instance you are now proposing that perhaps the number of ducks in operation declined since 1999. As you mentioned, from the writeup on the original duckboat operator, there are about 300 ducks are in operation today.
We’re talking about a blurb on a website from a tour boat operator. We don’t know what his definition of Duck is. Other amphibious passenger vehicles look very similar, and some DUKWs have been very heavily modified. I’d say that 300 is fairly safe to use as an upper limit--that’s it. Even then, take it with a grain of salt.
>The NTSB did not call for a ban on ducks.
Nope they didn't. I never said they did. They called for a ban on unmodified DUKWs..
“Require that amphibious passenger vehicle operators provide reserve buoyancy through passive means, such as watertight compartmentalization, built-in flotation, or equivalent measures, so that the vehicles will remain afloat and upright in the event of flooding, even when carrying a full complement of passengers and crew.”
“Until such time that owners provide sufficient reserve buoyancy in their amphibious passenger vehicles so that they will remain upright and afloat in a fully flooded condition (by M-02-1), require the following:...”
The second recommendation isn’t an alternative. It is a stopgap solution to be implemented immediately. Neither recommendation was ever required, and only a few operators complied with the request.
>Internally it was felt that the additional buoyancy requirement was unable to be able to be effectively implemented,
The report and the official recommendation were adopted as is though. So you only think we should take the recommendations of committees when the result is unanimous?
>and that the canopies were not a danger.
Just stop. It’s only you and me, you don’t need to lie about the report.
3 staff members asked that the report be changed to “canopies represent a grave risk to passenger safety.”
By the way. This
>199.685 trillion person hours would give an average base rate of travel of 0.016 miles per hour. Obviously you need to multiply that by the average number of occupants per vehicle, but even if you say there are 10 occupants you're looking at 0.16 miles per hour on average so it looks like you missed some decimal points.
Was completely wrong. I was on my phone and didn’t bother double checking the math. I assumed the study I found with average daily time spent in a car was wrong because it was self reported.
You’re actually the one who missed 3 decimal places. I said 199,685 million person hours. That is 200 billion miles not 200 trillion as you said. With the correct number, it’s an entirely reasonable estimate.
Perhaps that is because you are playing armchair accident investigator...
https://www.macleans.ca/sinking-of-leviathan-ii/
> "In the days after the accident, Jamie Bray and other operators tried to defend the practice of not requiring passengers to wear lifejackets by explaining they make escape harder in an enclosed boat. That’s nonsense, says Giesbrecht. He’s conducted a study where people wearing flotation coats are plunged into water: “The assumption is this will hinder their ability to escape the sinking car.” It “really doesn’t.” "