With some limitations, at least in iOS 11:

“Besides the fact that the NFC Reader interface can only be fired up from an app, Core NFC [in iOS 11] does not allow for write operations that are required for authentication protocols like FIDO U2F. ...

However, because NFC tag reading is supported, it allows developers to build apps, including consumer facing or purpose-built enterprise applications, with one-time passcode (OTP) support.”

Which is what ‘smiley1437’ and others have effectively stated in other parts of this thread.

edit: added last sentence