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I recommend Skiena's "The Algorithm Design Manual", it also includes some fun war stories of real world problems he was called in to solve, and the algorithms he used to solve them.

Well its not a list per se but many of the interview prep sites tag their problems with the appropriate algorithm/data structure for the job. As someone who has his first SV phone technical interview on Monday and has done ~30 problems in the last two weeks, I can say after solving about 2-3 of them over a number of hours or days you start to recognize which algorithm will get the job done from the problem descriptions.

Interesting :D

Would be nice if you could post a list of your resources :)

Not OP, but I used leetcode extensively while prepping for interviews and it worked out well for me. Like she/he said, just spend a few hours a day doing these problems; I even went back to problems I'd previously solved to see if I could write out the correct code in one shot.

Not OP, but a resource commonly suggested is "Cracking the Coding interview"

Would recommend checking out the algorithm design manual if you're looking for a book with that sort of approach.

Edit: just noticed this was already recommended below, take this as another strong endorsement!