edit: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/cli/ansible-console.... "REPL console for executing Ansible tasks."
If you prefer to use the REPL consoles directly for your own propose then Jupyter will add no value on it. However, Jupyter let you save results for each commands without running them again, and you can add Markdown documentations. This is useful when you want document your codes (with results) and share them with others.
Jupyter is merely a productivity tool like an IDE, not a framework. Jupyter may not be suitable for running production codes anyway.
It is not just litterate programming, but more like an IDE that does not require your code to keep working (CI/CD... ) : you can refactor at your own pace, iterate, introspect past results, etc.
You prototype like crazy, iterate much faster, and can tweak much more.
However, notebooks are not popular with many programmers. They stick to IDEs. Their loss.
External dependencies, state etc will all be handled, once excution is ironed out
I disagree with you only that this might be a good way of prototyping for something like ansible playbooks/modules, chef recipes, puppet manifests, etc. So much of the state is external (and intrinsic to what is being built) that I don't think it's a match of the rhythm of development there. But just my two cents, the best process is what works for you.