TSA screeners win immunity from flier abuse claims: U.S. appeals court
reuters.com
reuters.com
The gist of the suit is this: Ordinarily, you cannot sue the federal government (sovereign immunity). The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), broadly waives sovereign immunity for tort claims. An exception to that waiver of immunity is where the agent of the government commits an intentional tort (e.g. federal employee punches you, as opposed to accidentally running over your dog, which would be a negligent tort). However, that exception does not apply to law enforcement officers--under the FTCA, the federal government takes responsibility for the intentional torts of law enforcement.
Ordinarily, even if you cannot sue the government, you can sue the individual officer in his personal capacity. Under the Westfall Act, however, the FTCA is the exclusive remedy for torts of federal agents acting within the scope of their employment.
That leaves a loophole: you can sue federal law enforcement officers under the FTCA for both intentional and negligent torts. But if the federal agent is not a law enforcement officer, you can only sue her for negligent torts. The issue in this case is whether TSA agents are law enforcement officers such that you can sue the federal government for their intentional torts.
The majority holding is probably correct as a matter of statutory interpretation. Still, it puts TSA in a weird loophole, where they act like law enforcement officers (including all of the power-tripping that can result in commission of intentional torts), but can't be held liable under the FTCA like law enforcement officers. The dissent makes a good point:
> Circuit Judge Thomas Ambro dissented from Wednesday’s decision.
> “By analogizing TSA searches to routine administrative inspections, my colleagues preclude victims of TSA abuses from obtaining any meaningful remedy for a variety of intentional tort claims,” he wrote.
I’m a magnet for random checks in the EU - getting my laptop swabbed for bomb-making material because oooh scary stickers or something. It may very well just be my luck, but regardless I’m staying the hell away from the US just on the basis of these TSA horror stories.
You can keep your legal weed and I can keep my teeth.
I think that's wise. It is far from clear that, as a practical matter, the U.S. is still governed by the rule of law.
(I am a naturalized U.S. citizen, but even that doesn't give me a whole lot of confidence that the government won't fuck with me. I am having to think long and hard nowadays before saying anything critical of the U.S. government on line.)
US under the name of nationalism has become quite a racist country. I have a common surname and I always get stopped and questioned because I have a certain surname. Half an hour extra for every international flight even though I am a permanent resident here.
It’s just stupid. Traveling to/from US is a menace.
There is a substantiated legal opinion that DHS men are not law enforcement officers, and thus you can. I wonder, if anybody actually tried.
I was in a situation very shortly after (as in, Oct/Nov 2001) 9/11 wherein the TSA (or whatever they were at that disorganized point) called the police over and the police officer openly derided and made fun of them for both not being actual law enforcement and having no idea what to do with the situation at hand.
Things are different now, of course ...
Also, the police are probably monitoring the checkpoint from somewhere in the back anyway. So they likely have you on camera before they even get to the scene.
That seems backward: I can grasp the argument that inevitably people will make unintentional mistakes in the course of their job and can't be sued every time. But based on rayiner's comment, they are liable for unintentional errors but not for intentional harm?
What is the point of that? Is there some context or history in which it makes sense? Or do I misunderstand?
If the officer is negligent, they're not immune. That seems to make sense to me.
If they intentionally harm you, and that harm is justified in the course of their duty (say, they hit you with a nightstick and break your arm in order to stop you from attacking someone else), then they're immune. That seems to make sense to me as well.
The problem is when they claim that the harm was necessary and justified, but that they could have -- just as safely -- de-escalated the situation another way. Then it becomes a judgment call: was this harm justified-intentional or negligent? Unfortunately the review boards and courts err on the side of the LEOs nearly universally on this one.
> if the federal agent is not a law enforcement officer, you can only sue her for negligent torts [and not for intentional torts]
We're talking specifically about non-LEOs
Sorry.
*not sure why it would be, if you weren't a law enforcement personnel
A military service member has no more authority or right to do that then a Hacker News member.
Intentional torts against "investigative or law enforcement officers" are specifically permitted by the FTCA.
The loophole is when a federal employee is specifically not a law enforcement officer.
"The majority holding is probably correct as a matter of statutory interpretation."
Yeah, agreed. Reading this statute, it's fairly clear it was not meant to apply here, but it does raise the sad issue of "we've separated these jobs enough to create a loophole".
If they were designated LEOs, they'd clearly fall under the statute, even when performing administrative searches. By making them line employees with no officer authority, they've avoided this.
While i agree the dissent makes a good point, it's also unclear to me they should be able to make a federal torts case of this given the state of the world. First, dissent is hand-wavy on this point: '“By analogizing TSA searches to routine administrative inspections, my colleagues preclude victims of TSA abuses from obtaining any meaningful remedy for a variety of intentional tort claims,”"
They can and did file a claim with the TSA. The TSA simply denied it.
You need more than them denying it to say "it's not meaningful". IE you can't just wave your hand and say they denied it so it's not meaningful, you'd have to show data that says filing these claims is not producing meaningful results when it should.
Instead, they simply provide data that there have been less than 200 administrative complaints (out of 700 million screened!), and no data about how they have been resolved (and if you aren't getting due process, you can in fact make out a claim about that!)
They also did settle the property damage claim.
Beyond that, while i generally think complaints should be resolvable through a sane process (hence my argument about the data on claims made to the TSA), i strongly disbelieve that every bad interaction with a TSA line employee should be actionable in federal court as a tort.
(i'm also not going to argue about the efficacy, etc of the TSA. As long as air travel remains not a fundamental right, the rest of this legal reality sadly comes along for the ride)
Here, they actually did what they were supposed to - they didn't start a fight, beat this person down, etc. Instead, they went to their supervising officer and said "we believe were were assaulted, please call the police"
There is apparently strong disagreement on the interaction that led to this happening, and the entire suit is about what happened after that (the arrest, etc).
I believe the result is correct as to these people, who did not actually arrest or prosecute them. That decision was made by others, based on review of evidence, etc.
They are not suing any of the people who made those decisions, claiming lack of evidence (i'm aware a bunch of them are immune, but not all of them) etc, they are suing the people that they had the bad interaction with.
They also could have asked the government for westfall certification (They didn't), which would let them sue the screeners personally.
All in all, i just don't see the badness in this ruling that others do.
There are reasons to suspect that the TSA isn't adequately following up on these grievances. I can't find any new data, but in 2013 the Government Account Office (GAO) complained that the TSA didn't really have a process in place.[1]
"TSA does not have a process for conducting reviews of misconduct cases to verify that TSA staff at airports are complying with policies and procedures for adjudicating employee misconduct."
[0]: https://www.travelersunited.org/tsaairline-security/tsa-comp...
[1]: https://consumerist.com/2013/07/30/tsa-misconduct-cases-on-t...
Law enforcement is not allowed to search people in a free nation unless there is probable cause a crime has been committed.
personally I think the TSA is a 4th amendment violation as they stand but....
>As long as air travel remains not a fundamental right
Freedom of movement is a fundamental Right. Airport security was fine when it was a non-governmental process imposed as a condition of carriage by the private airline companies. It becomes a problem when it is government agents doing to searching.
One should not be subjected to searches by government agents as a condition of being allowed to travel
Do a Google search for [administrative search fourth amendment] for more details.
This is where we start threading the needle on what a "search" is, the courts rules awhile back that a Metal Detector is not a search and I have never been to a government building where I had to do through more than Metal Detector and they did not Search me beyond that basic metal detection,
TSA however is employing much more than simple metal detectors which should be (and I believe is) considered a search, that is not even talking about the extended "pat down" these are far far far far more invasive than anything done at a court house
>>Do a Google search for [administrative search fourth amendment] for more details.
yes I am aware the Supreme Court has failed in its duty to uphold the constitution as written, and have more or less made Swiss cheese out of every protection from government intrusion in to a citizens life where police and government more or less have unlimited powers today... That has no bearing on my point.
The Constitution today is a document with no authority because the Supreme Court has granted the Government soo many exemptions to every single provision to it that we might as well not even have a Constitution...
Lucky they are starting, slowly and painfully, to claw back some rights for citizens, but the reality we find ourselves in for the US is one of where the Government has far far far far more power and authority than the constitution plainly allows, the TSA is a prime example of that
Classic
In DHS's case, i don't remember what they do. But the process is usually not quite that dumb.
It's usually an ALJ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_law_judge#List_...
I admit to not remebering how DHS does it though.
???
Genuinely curious here, if a person assaults someone who works for the federal government, (or even the local government for that matter), and they charge him/her for that assault...
is that charge really "trumped up"?
I thought that there were actually laws against that?
Isn't "trumped up" when you DON'T actually assault the federal or local government person and they SAY that you did in order to charge you with a crime?
Yes, you read that correctly -- a felony charge. it's as absurd as it sounds.
Why does it take 12 years to get this far in a case? It seems like a right to a speedy trial should apply to civil cases too.
It doesn't apply to civil cases, and it doesn't apply to the suing party in any case: it applies to the defense (only) in criminal cases. Read the Sixth Amendment.
If you’d like to change that, there is a process for Constitutional Amendments. There are good reasons attached to the impacts of pending criminal charges (which can include pre-trial detention or restrictive bail terms) why speed is prioritized over other factors as a right of criminal defendants and not litigants generally, though.
Speedy trial is more a right in theory than in practice these days.
In terms of the right to study and public trial, that's kind of the ideal case, though the first part key be problematic for other reasons. If the government internalizes the speedy trial protection so as to not charge people until it is ready, or nearly do, to prosecute, then delay will usually be in the interest of the defense, who will not likely be prepared in advance of the initiation of the prosecution.
If the right had to be regularly invoked, that would be the sign of a serious problem.
You're right, that particular situation is not limited to law enforcement. Really, I'm conflating a number of protections[0] to things like erroneously seized evidence, protection from civil liability, etc.
[0] - http://www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2007/06/the...
It would be the same with mall security calling an actual police officer. Or you calling 911 on someone else. The officer should still be operating with autonomy, and can turn down your request to detain when its unnecessary or unreasonable (though I would imagine these psuedo-authorities are provided benefit of the doubt)
No surprise there.
But they can arrest people?
I no longer see United States as free, democratic and safe country to visit. United States usurps itself power to do whatever they want with me upon its soil. My electronic devices searched through, my social accounts surrendered, my belongings damaged or stolen on a whim of TSA without right to appeal or get reimbursed, I can be detained for however long U.S. wants without any judicial procedure.
Working in IT for large companies, I have been asked to come to US on few occasions but fortunately I have always been able to avoid this. Now I am going to straight decline based on the fact that I don't feel safe coming there.
How on earth is the TSA not already covered under those laws? This is why I can't get behind "originalist" judges; they interpret the laws and the Constitution too literally. Because the TSA wasn't explicitly named under the act (likely because they didn't exist back then), they don't qualify?
Detention at an airport security checkpoint is not kidnapping.
https://www.tsa.gov/blog/2016/07/03/tsa-myth-busters-do-tsa-...