the biggest use case (and it's a bad one), is because a stack (MERN/MEAN) and all tutorials for said 'stack' use mongo, or a framework like Meteor... it sort of locks devs into bad practices when being a little more picky, a little more curious about options could make for a better architecture.
It's not like you couldn't rip out mongo in MERN and use PERN or MyERN (Mysql Express React Node). There's some good libs/packages for using relational db's, and the benefits may outweigh those of Mongo.
I guess one other use case maybe would be an incremental/idle game, where all data is just stored as one big json doc, and you just need to connect/update totals, then sync that data back and forth, with not a lot of relationship/connections or transactional data.