It's much easier to disable GPS location capability. But even that's not very reliable, because there are multiple software levels, most of which aren't user controllable.
The best option that I know is turning devices off, and keeping them in Faraday bags, except when in use. So you get to pick which locations get reported. You're less reachable, but that's a necessary tradeoff. For long-term storage in Faraday bags, it's important to remove the battery, because otherwise the device may drain it, trying to ping towers, even though "turned off".
Also, it would probably cause your phone to simply stop working as a phone - cell towers need this location data for their fundamental operations as a cellular system.
Also, if a phone has no antenna/no data connectivity/no GPS, but has wifi functionality. What is tracking situation there? I assume one could forward calls to the phone through wifi or is that a terrible idea?
About the wifi-only phone, I recall an old guide from Mike Perry about configuring Android devices to use only wifi.[0] But Copperhead is gone, so ???
0) https://blog.torproject.org/mission-improbable-hardening-and...
For spoofing data for apps, if you are on android and have a rooted device there is xposed with xprivacy
My mentioning of xprivacy was only to further knowledge that you can at least spoof data for the software side (apps installed on the device)
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lexa.fakeg...
I personally have used this app to fool certain retail apps to check in-store prices of items.
xprivacy allows for spoofing all kinds of data like phonebook, calendar, even allows to not expose the clipboard.
if only gps data is relevant, this non rooted solution is of course easier to set up.
He talks about being able to fix your GPS coordinates to static values. Also being able to fix your list of cell phone towers so you never end up on someone's femtocell. There's also a really cool cell proxy setup for fully anonymous calling via a proxy cellphone
The location data that the cell phone companies are selling is gathered by the cell towers for the fundamental operation of the system. It doesn't come from GPS.
Rule of thumb: If you're emitting a signal (wifi, cell, bluetooth, smoke, etc...) you can be tracked. How accurately only depends on the number of receivers.
All of this doesn't matter for network providers since they will always have your location data, by design of GSM network.
2. From a privacy perspective adding google into the loop seems counter productive
3. The cell phone company can still sell you location data to data brokers based on your name, address, social etc....