So supporting an enterprise that behaved criminally has no economic impacts?
If your 401k invested in VW - which is very likely - are you also supporting its criminal activity?
That is to say, if mutual funds (which your 401k likely comprises) stand to lose significantly to unethical behavior, then they will be a LOT more choosy about who to invest in.
Your argument to the extreme about jailing parents/teachers is missing my discussion point.
It's not deterministic but it does create a positive feedback loop of ethics compliance.