> Are centralized servers, financial institutions and surveillance all required components of the anonymous, decentralized, peer-to-peer web?

Servers and financial institutions will never go away, no matter how hard we try. I'm hoping that we can make surveillance go away by sharing much less data with organisations who rely on surveillance to survive.

Hashbase is not "centralized" in the sense that you are always free to choose a different provider of its hosting services. You can host your own Hashbase: https://github.com/beakerbrowser/hashbase

You can even choose multiple providers at once, providing you with resilience in case one of your chosen providers violates your trust, eg. by losing your data or using it to spy on you.