An inventor has to sign a declaration stating that they attest to the patent application, the company can’t get a patent without it.[1] So if you don’t execute the dec, they can’t get the patent granted. They do have up until that time, however, so a company could hypothetically put your name on it through prosecution without your input, but they can’t get the patent issued. But by sending them prior art, they do have to forward that on to the patent office, to fail to do so would be a clear violation of their duty to disclose.[2]

You could also anonymously submit the prior art, in the case that your company chooses to violate their legal duties but you also want to not get fired.

If you believe that the patent may be valid, but you for some reason insist that you in fact are not the inventor, take it up with your attorney first. If for some weird reason the attorney still insists on listing you as the inventor, you could probably take some kind of legal action either at the PTO or in a federal court to assert that you’re not an inventor. Usually this happens in the case that someone is trying to assert that they are an inventor, however, for obvious reasons.

But, if the company does get a patent for something even though you may disagree on the merits, you may be obligated under your employment agreement to be cooperative in signing the dec and assignment, but that’s a matter of contract and employment law, not patent law.

[1] There are provisions for hostile, missing, or deceased inventors, but if your objection to the patent is only technical or prior art based, that’s probably not the appropriate way to handle it.

[2] The duty to disclose is a BFD. If your middle management is oblivious or ignorant, run it up the flagpole to an attorney. Someone with an actual license to practice law and preferably admitted to the patent bar. They will listen to you, I guarantee it.