>purchasers of Model 3's now expect OTA updates so there is a little bit of R&D cost in the future but it's very minor compared to what's already been spent.

Toyota spent almost $10 billion on R&D last year. Ford $8 billion. VW spent $15 billion.

Tesla spent $1.5 billion. What is it that makes people think that Tesla's R&D spend is so significant, and that it will diminish drastically in the future? This is an R&D intensive industry.