If you want to know the current (or at least 2016) state of actually running an algorithm on a real quantum computer then this video is great https://vimeo.com/180284417 It's about using a quantum computer to perform supersampling / anti-aliasing
Nice little intro. Spends a lot of time on the poor kid that died :(
The mention of pyQuil is a great jumping-off-point—It was great to see specific examples of real-world implementations, however simple.