Lots of niche languages have the same problem, notably lisp, but it doesn't do to say they aren't popular for those reasons. It's circular reasoning. Languages get those things by being popular. They get popular by having those things.
Every current "popular" language with good libraries and a large userbase started with no popularity, no libraries, and no users. They built these things over time.
The problem is these languages can't create a robust community. They are powerful, so people don't need large teams to do what they want. They are different, so it is a bigger investment to understand them. The combination means they attract the kind of elitists who are not willing to help newcomers or write basic libraries, the kind of people who are perfectly capable of reinventing every wheel and doing it better than last time.
No one teaches these languages. How popular could they get if companies and universities spent millions of hours collectively drilling even the most marginal programmer on how to use them like they do for C++ and Java?
They would never do it though. Large companies don't want more powerful languages. They will take the productivity loss for fungible employees. It's part ego. Middle managers look much more important if they have 20 programmers write 1,000,000 lines of code over 5 years than two programmers write 10,000 over six months even if functionality is equivalent. It's part bargaining and risk. If you only have a few programmers, the individual programmer is worth a lot more. It is also riskier to employ one because she could leave or get hit by a bus at any time.