Black does not take existing formatting into account. Doing so would cause non-deterministic formatting (Black would sometimes change its mind about its own formatting and a second pass would cause a different formatting than the first).

With this in mind, it has to enforce a rule around operators. Since any operand might be complex, it's more robust to default to spaces around operands always. Otherwise we would inevitably end up hugging operands with an operator that humans consider too tight. And since that's subjective, there is actually no rule that we can hard-code about that.