I don't think it's a catch-22 at all. Either the language has an official style guide (C#) and/or formatter (Rust, Go), or it doesn't (C++, Java). Given that black doesn't even seem to comply with PEP-8, I don't consider it acceptable.

I use clang format because it gives me full control over the style I cede control to it because it happens that I can express all of my personal minutiae of hand formatting in clang format rules. In contrast, I currently am writing Java in VS Code, and the Java formatting plugin doesn't give me an easy way to change its rules, so I disabled it entirely.