And while we absolutely don't spite the income from the signups -- it's a nice side effect of the signup-throttling process and helps with costs some -- it's really not nearly enough to cover payroll for three full time mods and a full-time programmer/developer. The bulk of our revenue is from ads running in the archives.
Metafilter is quite an outlier in terms of online communities that have survived, thrived, and kept a high signal-to-noise ratio.
That wasn't the entire community, dont get me wrong, but it was enough to slow activity to the point where it wasn't very interesting anymore.
There were also problems in that the initial setup of k5 was completely user-driven and user-generated with votes on the mod queue determining what was good. Early attempts to 'control' the crapflooding issue was to create the "diary" section, which functioned as license to post anything you wanted. The $5 fee was a reversal of that approach AND didn't add anything for users (Scribd?), so people mostly left.
Another thing that probably drove the decline of K5 was the rise of blogs for everyone. Why post at K5 when some bunch of goons could remove what you regard as worth publishing while on your own blog it went live always?