Regarding companies that use Prolog, here are a few examples:
A third of all airline traffic is handled by systems that run SICStus Prolog:
https://www.sics.se/projects/sicstus-prolog-leading-prolog-t...
A large portion of the New Zealand stock exchange is powered by Prolog:
https://dtai.cs.kuleuven.be/CHR/files/Elston_SecuritEase.pdf
Oracle uses Prolog in the JVM specification:
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/jvms-0-pr...
IBM has used Prolog for natural language processing in Watson:
https://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/2011/03/natural-language-process...
RedPrairie uses SICStus Prolog for optimization tasks.
Prolog is used for voice processing on the International Space Station.