I do not mean to say that my beliefs as to what is good are always correct. It is quite possible for me to be wrong about such things.
But I am not incorrect when I say that there is a fact of the matter.
I do not mean to say that my beliefs as to what is good are always correct. It is quite possible for me to be wrong about such things.
But I am not incorrect when I say that there is a fact of the matter.
If you're a believer, you may say God - though that still leaves two questions open. One, of implementation details - where is that morality codified, so that we can tell good from bad? In God's word? In our brains? Two, (almost?) all religions teach we have free will. So we can accept or reject God's morality. That decision is based on something that's purely in us. I'd suggest that this something is morality.
If you're not a believer, the only reasonable source of somewhat-consistent morality is the shared architecture of human brains. That is, we're all born with mostly-same hardware and firmware, and as members of human race, we find ourselves in agreement to some basic moral ideas - like "suffering bad", "joy good" - from which each culture weaves its complicated moral lattice.
Can there be a conceptualisation of "good" independent of morality?
How or how not? To what limits? Or is good axiomatically moral?
As for morality, I don't see how it can be objective. It's not a feature of the universe, it's a feature of a mind. Humans have common values, because we naturally have common brain design.
Consider that outright murder (in-group) and cannibalism are considered immoral by almost all moral systems. There are very good reasons why. (Both are due to is how fear works and social survival.)
Also why any act of killing is very restricted and the individual is cut out of the group.
Being moral does not guarantee a good outcome...
Can a system of, say, sheep, have goodness or badness? Does it have morality?
Trees? Amoebae?
Three tragedy of it is lack of emotional "belonging". This is what most moral amd honour systems build upon. Not even of belonging to an elite.
The main question it asks is whether any given question is meaningful and by how much, how it affects yourself, others, who benefits and who does not.
Maybe you could say humans mostly have the same moral feelings since we have 99% the same DNA. But we seem to have no trouble finding important issues we disagree about.