Weight Loss As the Paleo diet is by nature pretty low-carbohydrate:
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0708681
Longevity:
Cancer Patterns in Inuits - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18760245
This William Lands paper - http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/83/6/S1483.pdf
Medical Establishment:
Good Calories, Bad Calories goes deep into the reasons why the medical establishment considers saturdated fat, cholesterol, red meat unhealthy. Have a quick skim of the cliffs notes.
Dr Barry Groves - Cholesterol Myth - http://www.second-opinions.co.uk/cholesterol_myth_1.html
More Sources:
Stephan Guyenet - B. Bio Chemistry - http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com/
Dr Michael Eades - http://www.proteinpower.com/drmike/
Dr William Davis - Cardiologist - http://heartscanblog.blogspot.com/
Robb Wolf - Research Biochemist - http://robbwolf.com/
Prof. Loren Cordain - http://www.thepaleodiet.com/
edit: formatting