CentOS 6.9 (supported until November 2020) runs 5.3 with backported security and maintenance updates. Newer versions are not available from them for 6.9.
The issue is not that upgrading cannot or should not be done outside of their repos, but that many, many developers and site admins for various strong reasons are not in a position to do so. There may be other dependencies on either CentOS 6.9 or earlier-than-latest PHPs, or they may not have the freedom to switch distros or PHPs for any number of reasons.
Please consider the possibility that you do not understand the real world in which many, many developers work.