I feel like any app should implement a pattern like this:

   action -> UI recognition of action -> display API response

For actions that succeed 99% of the time, I think the "UI recognition of action" can be the success state. For actions with higher failure rates, the "UI recognition" should be a spinner or something to show the user that work is being done.

If you've got a project where it's not acceptable to show "success" -> "oops I mean failure", just go with the spinner all the time. But, it makes a huge difference if you respond to a click in < 100ms vs. > 100ms.

Jira's agile card interface is optimistic.