My take is that it comes down to 'Unix philosphy'.[1] Bitbucket became part of Atlassian's product line fairly early in it's life. While it stands alone, it is not Atlassian's primary profit center...hence the unlimited private repositories for free[2] because aggressive pursuit of monetization is not necessary. Github on the other hand, is more of an "only does one thing" company and devotes more resources to the source control UX and features[3].
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy, not that's objectively better, just that in this case it seems to provide an advantage.
[2]: When I signed up several years ago, I think it was only five private repositories...and Mercurial was favored over Git in the signup process. But free private repositories was why I chose Bitbucket over Github. I was using it for Coursera assignments.
[3]: Github versus Bitbucket may also be explained by Zawinski's Law: The yang to it's Unix philosophy yin. http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/Z/Zawinskis-Law.html