Would you react the same way if a Silicon Valley company hired a developer in rural Mississippi (the state with the lowest median salary) for $35,000 (the median salary there) instead of hiring locally for $150,000? Is that exploitation? Remember that the cost of living there is much lower, so he will enjoy a much better standard of living on a lower salary.
The living cost thing is BS. You are confusing between "living cost" and "cost for a good standard of living which everyone in US takes for granted". The former is less, just because more people are very poor, eat once a day and live like hell. I can bet cost for a comparable standard of living to US would be super high.
Just because your developer is OK with living poorly doesn't mean he has to. You can be fair and guide him to a better life.
If the wages were poor for the country that would be one thing, BUT $8/hour in Belarus is a good salary. That is $1080 per 160hours worked a month. It actually would let him have a good standard of living.
Of course one could argue that the developer should be charging $12 or $16 an hour but that is his business.
What one could do next time, is do a fixed price project. If he is very good AND fast, he would increase his earnings.
From your link;
A good computer specialist or programmer who still has to stay in the country will do the job for $250 - 300 per month
At $8/hr, in a month he would make $1408 (22 business days/month)
The consensus on the Philippines seems to be that they aren't as good as developers in Eastern Europe or India. I don't know how anyone could paint a whole country with such a broad brush. In reality, it's because Filipinos have such strong English skills compared to Eastern Europe or India that outsourcing companies swoop them up first and pay high salaries, leaving few competent developers for small businesses. This is especially true in Manila/Makati.
I found my team by posting in the job section on http://www.philweavers.net/forums/. I lucked out and found one guy based in Cebu who is flat-out amazing. He gets paid a percentage of the projects we do, and it's on par with American wages. He found 10 more guys (designers, developers, data entry, content writers), and he manages them. The guys that work under him get paid $2.50-$4/hour, and they do great work. Right now we do transparent outsourcing for web design companies. They put in the face time with clients, pass us the specs, the guys in the Philippines do the work, and the companies pass off the work as their own.