Forgive me if this wasn't your intention, but it seems like you're asserting that poorer people are uniquely unable to determine their needs?
> If giving everyone X works, why not 2X? 3X?
The amount you give people relative to their income in aggregate affects the economy, right? If you gave everyone $12,000 a year, the consequences would be vastly different than if you gave everyone $12,000,000,000,000 a year.