I’ve done amateur cycling racing in 35+ categories and there’s doping even among Cat2 riders today. That’s how deeply doping is embedded in cycling.
If David Miller says he wasn’t approached about doping until his form started to flag that would indicate that there was a time before he doped.
Miller, Hamilton and Landis have all spoken about the riders they cheated of wins.
_My_ hunch is that if they believed that everyone riding professionally back then was doping they’d say so and they haven’t.
They might not have been in the top ten but they were still riding and still clean.
Wiggins is hardly clear of serious accusations about doping.
[0] https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/05/sport/bradley-wiggins-dcms-re...
To clarify, there there were many dopers but there were definitely _some_ clean riders during the Armstrong years.
They haven't re-awarded Yellow Jerseys for those years because they can't properly identify who was clean and who wasn't.
That's not the same thing as saying that all riders were dirty. Even if it's just one lowly domesticate right at the back.
To suggest that every single rider on every single team was doping and that that somehow made the playing field level is just incorrect. We have the testimony of convicted dopers who say that at least some others riders were clean to back that up. They were aware of the difficulties and stress that they were putting on the clean riders.