Realize that the people who contribute to Laravel and to PHP are trying to solve real problems, and there implement patterns used in other frameworks and languages.
Without deep-diving some, you won't be able to recognize those patterns in other frameworks and languages.
For instance, I did a very brief stint with Ruby on Rails. I've also tried out Django with Python, Laravel with PHP, Phoenix with Elixir, and Caliburn with C#.
In each of these cases, I became more familiar with common patterns (Model-View-Whatever, Dependency Injection), and how each framework attempted to solve the problem.
So to answer your question: yes, "mastering" a technology can transfer to another similar technology. So don't be afraid to dig in, best of luck!