Taiwanese and Korean voters (and voters in a lot of other parts of Asia and Europe) believe that providing high-quality infrastructure and public transit is a basic duty of government. If the transit situation got bad there, the politicians would be worried about losing the next election, so they don't let things get bad.
American voters just have lower standards. This is true in a lot of other areas, especially education. If American politicians believed they would lose re-election because of bad infrastructure, the money and commitment necessary to fix the problem would suddenly, magically appear.