Sometimes when you just accidentally find out a male coworker is making way more than you (for lower quality work even), then you don't have to search very far.
This is not the smoking gun it appears to be. Men also encounter male coworkers with the same job, who do worse work and make more money than them.
For a lot of women, we assume that there is discrimination because it happens to us directly, so further research into the extent of the problem seems very warranted.
But what do we do when the research suggests that discrimination is not a major driver of macro-trends in men's and women's career outcomes?
(Any research that showed there was no discrimination would of course be suspect, because there are legitimate discrimination cases prosecuted each and every year.)