From this I would guess that if you want your child to really do well, you need to make sure they practice the right things. So make your 3rd grader to the homework and help them so that you know they're practicing the right thing. The studies cited by the grand-parent comment never say that practice of the right thing is bad.
However in households with lower socioeconomic status the problem isn't lack of attention from the parents. The parents TRY to help. But they are less likely to succeed, because they lack the academic skills needed.
This is the opposite of the educators in my family, my own experience as an educator, my book learning on pedagogy, and my experience as a student. It also runs screamingly against the difficulty that, in the United States, children with lower socioeconomic status are disproportionately unlikely to have parents.
Worse than weeknight homework: weekend homework. I absolutely reject this idea; I plan my family time, NOT the lazy teacher.
I don't understand your slight against teachers. Preparing homework takes time and effort if it's to be a proper part of the curriculum of learning to be set. Even if it's an afterthought it still has to be marked and assessed and recorded (in the UK it does).
Surely the lazy teacher would just say "for homework tonight watch TV" or some-such.
Naively, it seems reasonable to me that there is going to be a fraction of the necessary practice which must be done under the supervision of the teacher, and a fraction which can be done alone. Now, as people move up the academic ladder and, presumably, become better at teaching themselves, the amount of class time decreases and the amount of self-directed time increases.
At the 3rd grade level, where they spent 6-8 hours in class each day, it seems plausible that the correct amount of homework is roughly 30-60 minutes per night. It also seem plausible that the homework teaches a student not only the material, but also how to learn on their own.
From Wikipedia: "In England, the year of school that is the same age as 3rd Grade is Year 4, which is the fifth year of school."
Classic.
Personally I don't think homework should be mandated for young children (< c.11 yo).
The second type of homework doesn't apply to all classes, but a good candidate for this is math (spelling/grammar/reading is another). I'm a believer in children needing a good foundation in basic concepts before advancing to higher ones. If you can't do 14 - 9 in your head, instantly, then it's pointless to try multiplication or division. Directed practice can make children perform mathematics quickly and accurately. They don't come like that out of the box.