In 2016, there was a ruckus about Facebook collecting nonmembers viewing habit across the internet, so the answer is yes for my case. As far as I know, as a nonmember, I cannot access my shadow profile unless I join and give them yet more data to invade my privacy.

Rather than live in George Orwell's nightmare, I have resorted to spending my time blocking their tracking at the dns request level on my router for all my devices. The great thing is you can block a bunch of other trackers and spyware as well.